EKLAVYA EDUCATION

                                              Medicines or Drugs Chemicals which may be used for the treatment of diseases and for reducing the suffering from pain are called medicines or drugs. The branch of science which makes use of chemicals for the treatment of disseases [therapeutic effect] is called chemotherapy. How do drugs interact on its target . Proteins which perform the role of biological catalysts in the body are called enzymes . Functions of enzymes:  (i) The first function of an enzyme is to hold the substrate for a chemical reaction. Active sites of enzymes hold the substrate molecule in a suitable position, so that it can be attacked by the reagent effectively (ii) The second function of an enzyme is to provide functional groups that will attack the substrate and carry out chemical reaction . Main role of drugs is to either increase or decrease role of enzyme catalysed reactions. Inhibition

BIOMOLECULES Biomolecules are the organic compounds which form the basis of life, i.e., they build up the living system and responsible for their growth and maintenance.The sequence that relates biomolecules to living organism is Biomolecules → Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Living organism. Carbohydrates These are Optically active polyhydroxy aldehydes (aldcses) or ketones (ketoses) or compounds which on hydrolysis give these units are known as carbohydrates. They are also called saccharides (Latin Saccharum = sugar) due to sweet taste of simpler members. Depending upon their behaviour towards hydrolysis, carbohydrates can be of following three Types (i)Monosaccharides These cannot be hydrolysed to simpler molecules and further subdivided into tetroses, pentoses or hexoses depending upon the number of carbon atoms. These are also called homopolysaccharides.             Aldotetroses   Erythrose, Threose Aldopentoses             Xylos

                                                        STATE OF MATTER CH-5 XI Matter & its states Anythings which occupied space and have mass is called matter.It divided mainly into three categories depending upon its physical state namely solid, liquid and gaseous states.               Solids have a definite volume and shape:   ·    Definite shape and volume of the solids is result of strong forces of attraction between its constituent particles which keep them together in a fixed position and arrangement.     Liquids also have a definite volume but no definite volume:   ·          They take shape of the container in which they are placed. This is due to relatively weaker force of attraction among the particles of liquid.             Gases have neither a definite volume nor a definite shape:   They fill the container completely in which they are placed. This is due to the fact that the force of attraction among the particles of liquids is almost zero and the